![]() ![]() ![]() Synovial fluid has several unique properties that allow it to perform its functions effectively. ![]() The membrane contains specialized cells called synoviocytes, which produce and secrete the synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is produced by the synovial membrane, which lines the inner surface of the joint capsule. They help to reduce friction and provide additional lubrication within the joint. Glycoproteins: Glycoproteins are proteins that are attached to sugar molecules. Proteoglycans: Proteoglycans are large molecules that help to retain water within the synovial fluid, contributing to its lubricating and shock-absorbing properties. It also plays a role in regulating inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Hyaluronic Acid: A key component of synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid helps to maintain the viscosity and lubricating properties of the fluid. Synovial fluid is primarily composed of water, along with various substances that contribute to its lubricating and nourishing properties. This helps to maintain a clean and healthy environment within the joint.Ĭomposition and Production of Synovial Fluid ![]() Waste Removal: Synovial fluid also plays a role in removing waste products from the joint, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells, promoting their health and function. Nutrient Supply: The synovial fluid supplies nutrients to the cartilage, which does not have a direct blood supply. This helps to protect the bones and cartilage from excessive wear and tear. Shock Absorption: Synovial fluid also helps to absorb shock and distribute forces evenly across the joint. It acts as a natural lubricant, similar to oil in a machine. Lubrication: One of the primary functions of synovial fluid is to lubricate the joints, reducing friction between the bones and allowing for smooth movement. Synovial fluid serves several important functions in the body, including: In this blog post, we will explore the function of synovial fluid, its composition, production, properties, and the benefits it provides. It plays a crucial role in maintaining joint health and facilitating smooth movement. For an exact understanding of the mechanism of arthritis, we need to establish the morphological background of synoviocytes as well as their functions under normal conditions.Synovial fluid is a clear, viscous fluid that is found in the synovial joints of the body. The synoviocytes, which form a discontinuous cell layer, develop both fragmented basement membranes around the cells and junctional apparatus such as desmosomes and gap junctions. In some mammals, type B cells show features suggesting endocrine and sensory functions, but these are not recognized in other species. The proliferative potentials of type B cells in loco are much higher than type A cells, although the transformation of subintimal fibroblasts into type B cells can not be excluded. The type B cells, which are proper synoviocytes, are involved in production of specialized matrix constituents including hyaluronan, collagens and fibronectin for the intimal interstitium and synovial fluid. Their complex three-dimensional architecture was first revealed by our recent scanning electron microscopy of macerated samples. Type B synoviocytes are characterized by the rich existence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic processes which form a regular network in the luminal surface of the synovial membrane. These type A cells, derived from blood-borne mononuclear cells, can be considered resident macrophages (tissue macrophages) like hepatic Kupffer cells. Type A synoviocytes are non-fixed cells that can phagocytose actively cell debris and wastes in the joint cavity, and possess an antigen-presenting ability. Two types of synoviocytes, macrophagic cells (type A cells) and fibroblast-like cells (type B cells) have been identified. The synovial intimal cells, termed synoviocytes, are believed to be responsible for the production of synovial fluid components, for absorption from the joint cavity, and for blood/synovial fluid exchanges, but their detailed structure and function as well as pathological changes remain unclear. The joint capsule exhibits a unique cellular lining in the luminal surface of the synovial membrane. ![]()
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